The name of four ancient Egyptian pharaohs of the XVIIIth dynasty. The name meant “ Amen is satisfied “. There is a little documentation on the reign of Amenophis I ( C. 1550-1528 B.C. ). Amenophis II ( pharaoh C. 1436-1413 B.C. ) strenthened the Egyptian domination of Asia and also proved himself a good athlets, as well as a keen competitor in chariot races and archery. Amenophis III ( pharaoh C. 1405-1367 B.C ) was the last great ruler of the new Kingdom, and his reign marked a period of great artistic development centered around Thebes. The famous colossi of Memnon are still preserved from the vast funery temple that Amenophis III had built for himself near Thebes. His son Amenophis IV ( pharaoh 1367-1350 B.C. ) reacted strongly against the growing power of the priests of Amen, and organized a radical religious reform which aimed to establish the cult of Aton, the sun-gold and the river of life, in place of the traditional polytheism. He changed his name to Akhnaton, meaning “ it pleases Aton “, and transferred the capital to a new city named Akhetaton ( now known as Tell el-Amarna ). He and his wife Nefertiti devoted themselves to the cult of the new deity in whose honour he composed numerous hymns. He neglected other affairs. And during his reign Egyptian domination of Syria came to an end, but he gave a fresh and realistic impetus to the arts.